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Utopianis skip to main | skip to sidebar Utopianis 7.3.10 安慰劑效應增強了？被低估了？還是新藥療效低了？ 安慰劑效應增強了？被低估了？還是新藥療效低了？ 最近在《連線》看了報導"Placebos Are Getting More Effective. Drugmakers Are Desperate to Know Why"，內文指製藥巨頭默克公司最近在測試新的抗抑鬱藥物MK- 869時便遭遇到嚴重的失敗，此藥在初期測試中表現甚佳，副作用甚少，可是在進一步測試時卻出現安慰劑療效超過新藥的結果，最終默克公司決定放棄原初被看好能為公司帶來極大利潤的新藥MK-869了。 其實很多藥廠發現他們生產的藥物，特別是與精神科相關的類別，自80年代始就越來越不能通過安慰劑測試，藥物的效能在大多數測試中都無法超過安慰劑，自2001-2006年，第二階測試因新藥療效無法超越安慰劑而要放棄的上升至20%，第二階段則上升到11%。2007年美國FDA只批准19種新藥推出，是自83年來最少的，2008年也只有24種。 有學者提議藥廠與學術組織合作成立數據分享資料庫，讓研究人員有足夠的資料分析問題所在，可是這涉及商業秘密而不為藥廠所採納，藥廠目前只個別僱用對此問題有深入認識的研究人員幫助設計出更佳的實驗以擺脫安慰劑效應與真實藥效糾纏不清的弊病。 我覺得這篇文章最令人印像深刻及重要的地方為： 1. 指出二次大戰時因有一名醫師Henry Beecher看見有護士用假止痛劑注射也能為病人止痛的事件，才發現有安慰劑效應的事實，並在1962年 thalidomide這種安眠藥導至新生嬰兒雙手殘廢的事件後，人們驚覺要有更安全及更精確測試的方法來驗證藥物的可用性，於是關於安慰劑及雙盲測試等理論就大行其道(順勢療法專家則稱此法早在20世紀初由他們引進，只是當時沒有有受到應有的重視)，成為藥廠及監管機構測試藥效的黃金定律。 可是這條理論又帶來其他更大的困擾，Beecher除了被批評把安慰劑效應理論用錯誤地用在治療流行性感冒的藥物上，人們在大部份情況下都能自然痊癒，另外Beecher還低估了能引發安慰劑效應因素的數量及其真實的威力，使其測試方法出現了嚴重缺憾而常出現失效的問題。 2.關於安慰劑的真正威力，研究員Be...
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